KEMBAR 12 HANYA SEORANG SAJA DI BENARKAN HIDUP ????
SEDIH! Bayi Kembar 12 Ini Terpaksa Dibunuh | Jinan Huang, seorang ibu yang berumur 33 tahun, melahirkan bayi kembar 12 di Shanghai pada hari isnin yang lalu. Jinan, sekarang ini dalam keadaan stabil setelah proses melahirkan selama 31 jam, diberikan peluang selama seminggu oleh kerajaan untuk memutuskan seorang bayi yang akan dipilih untuk dibesarkan.
“Saya bersama suami belum boleh memastikan pilihan,” ujar Jinan yang bercakap kepada wartawan beberapa saat setelah kelahiran yang ajaib tersebut terjadi.
“Tetapi kami telah mempertimbangkan dengan serius untuk membesarkan seorang bayi lelaki yang lahir pada urutan ke dua. Dia adalah bayi paling berat dan oleh kerana itu kami berharap bayi tersebut akan berumur panjang dan kelak boleh menjaga kami di usia tua nanti.”
“Kami pastinya tidak akan memilih bayi perempuan,” tambah suami Jinan. “Kami yakin dengan keputusan kami.” lagi sebelas baki bayi yang tidak dipilih oleh Jinan dan suaminya akan dilemparkan dari atas puncak gunung, sesuai ketetapan yang sudak termaktub dalam Undang Undang Kelahiran Kembar China. Sejak undang-undang ‘Satu Keluarga Satu Anak’ diwartakan pada tahun 1983, kerajaan China sudah membunuh lebih dari 65 juta bayi kembar di negara tersebut.
Jinan, yang mengaku bahawa sudah bertahun-tahun berusaha mendapatkan anak, dengan tegas menolak tuduhan bahawa dia mengambil pil kesuburan, sebuah amalan yang juga dijanjikan dengan hukuman mati di China. “Saya tidak mengerti kenapa ini boleh terjadi,” tambahnya. “Kepada seluruh rakyat China dan para pemimpin kami yang terhormat, saya memohon permintaan maaf atas kelahiran bayi kembar kami yang memalukan dan tidak bertanggung jawab ini.”
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China officially instituted the one-child policy in 1979, after two decades of political campaigns aimed at using social pressure to reduce population growth.
The Chinese government officially bans gender-related abortion, abandonment and infanticide (killing babies); however, anthropologist G. William Skinner (UC-Davis) and Chinese researcher Yuan Jianhua determined infanticide was common before 1990, when they formally studied Chinese family structure. Human rights groups claim the practice continues, although they are not certain to what extent.
Because boys are much more highly valued than girls in Chinese culture, most of the discarded children are female. Researchers Sten Johansson and Ola Nygren found that about half of the "missing" girls are adopted by other couples (both within China and Internationally). In 2001, more than 55,000 Chinese children were registered as adopted; however, sociologists believe this accounts for only a small percentage of adoptions, and that more occur without legal sanction.
China also strongly encourages abortion as a solution to multiple pregnancy, with some districts and regions setting abortion "quotas."
On the other hand, the one-child rule is not strictly enforced everywhere, and certain couples are granted exceptions allowing them to raise larger families without penalty. Variations on the law occur for a variety of reasons:
The one-child policy only applies to Han Chinese, not other ethnic groups or foreign nationals living in China.
Members of ethnic groups other than Han Chinese are allowed to have two or more children, depending on the rules of the community in which they live.
Many provinces and cities permit couples where both parents are only children to have more than one baby.
If the first child has birth defects, the couple is often granted an exemption.
If the first child is female, the couple is often granted an exemption.
Han Chinese living in rural areas are often allowed to have two children.
Government officials are usually exempt in practice, if not by law.
Multiple births (twins, triplets) are not penalized.*(see note)
Urban families that are not exempt from the policy often choose to pay a "social maintenance fee," which is a fine imposed on parents to help defray the cost of providing government benefits to the extra child.**
These practices have resulted in a fertility rate of 1.79 children per family, according to the CIA World Factbook.
Political groups are currently pressuring the Chinese government to modify the one-child policy to allow most families to have two children, arguing that children without siblings carry greater economic burdens, and experience more psychological harm than children with siblings.
*Multiple births are not "officially" penalized, yet there are many accounts of women being told upon their childrens' birth: "which one do you want to keep?" Multiples are often aborted before birth, or killed immediately afterwards.
**What this really means is that fines are imposed upon not only the parents of the "excess" children, but on their relatives as well, with the threat of imprisonment if they do not comply. These "fees" usually amount to many years worth of income.
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